581 How a computer works

In order for a computer to work everything must go through the CPU or Central Processing Unit. It is easiest to think of the CPU as the brain of the computer. It is in the CPU that electronic circuitry executes stored program instructions. The CPU executes a sequential set of instructions that ultimately makes or runs a program.

The next important component of a computer is the motherboard. The easiest way to think of a motherboard is the component that ties everything together. Motherboards contain memory slots that act as an interface between the CPU and the peripheral components such as the keyboard, mouse, or monitor. Motherboards also contain non-volatile memory chips (memory chips that retain their memory without power) and a clock generator, which helps synchronize other system components.

Memory is critical in understanding how a computer works. The hard drive is what a computer uses to store large amounts of non-volatile digitally encoded data. The hard drive uses this digitally encoded data to transfer information to the CPU. Another type of memory that is critical for the CPU is RAM. RAM is volatile and requires power. The most frequently used RAM information is duplicated in the processor cache of a computer. This allows for faster and better computer performance. Both volatile and non-volatile are types of memory that are used by the CPU in running programs.

Another important component of a PC is the BIOS. The BIOS is the first code of instructions that is sent to the CPU when the PC is turned on. The BIOS is designed to identify, test, and start the computer devices. These devices include everything from disks to the hardware. The BIOS also sets the machine hardware into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC. This entire process is known as “booting up”. When all of these things synchronize the computer is ready for operation.